Thứ Hai, 30 tháng 4, 2012

US Lawmakers Call for Hard-Nosed Approach With Iran

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Leading U.S. lawmakers are urging the Obama administration to take an even tougher stance with Iran over its nuclear program, questioning whether expanding economic sanctions are making a difference.
Iran's International Atomic Energy Agency ambassador Ali Asghar Soltanieh (R) briefs the media during a board of governors meeting at the United Nations headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 8, 2012.
Photo: Reuters
Iran's International Atomic Energy Agency ambassador Ali Asghar Soltanieh (R) briefs the media during a board of governors meeting at the United Nations headquarters in Vienna, Austria, March 8, 2012.



The Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, Democrat John Kerry, called Iran and its nuclear program the "biggest foreign policy challenge facing the U.S." during a hearing Wednesday. He said sanctions alone are unlikely to make Iran change course and called for Washington to engage in what he called "hard-nosed diplomacy."

The committee's leading Republican lawmaker, Senator Richard Lugar, also warned that Iran has refused to change "even as its isolation has grown." He said Tehran needs to understand it must choose between pursuing its nuclear program or preserving Iran's economic viability.

The lawmakers said the U.S. is keeping all options on the table, including the use of military force.

Iran denies Western claims it is trying to develop atomic weapons and says its nuclear activities are purely for power generation and medical research purposes.

Iran's Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi said Wednesday that he expects renewed talks with the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council - the United States, China, Russia, Britain and France, plus Germany - to begin April 13.

The group, known as the P5+1, reaffirmed its support for a diplomatic solution to the Iranian nuclear issue earlier this month. But in a statement, the group also voiced "regret" about Iran's escalating campaign to enrich uranium, and urged Tehran to open its Parchin military site to inspectors of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Kerry said the prospect of a military confrontation gives "added urgency" to the upcoming talks.

A spokesman for European Union policy chief Catherine Ashton said there is no agreement on a time or place for the talks. But Salehi told Iranian state media Wednesday that a site will be set in the next few days.

Iran wants the meeting to take place in the Turkish city Istanbul, where a previous round of talks broke down in January 2011.

Salehi welcomed Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan to Tehran on Wednesday for meetings with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and other officials.

Turkey's Anatolia news agency quoted Erdogan as saying no one has the right to "impose anything" on a country using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. He also said, though, "Anyone who has common sense is against nuclear weapons. And so no one has the right or the entitlement to impose such a thing."

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UK helps Vietnam improve the quality of auditors

Kinh Doanh | international summer school |

(VOV) - The Vietnamese Ministry of Finance and the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) have agreed to organize professional auditors contests in Vietnam.

At the signing of a cooperative agreement in Hanoi on April 18, Minister of Finance Vuong Dinh Hue highlighted ACCA's assistance in developing auditing work in Vietnam.

Under the agreement, ACCA will help the MoF's staff improve their ethical and professional standards. ACCA is also committed to granting full scholarships to Vietnamese financial officials.

The cooperative agreement will take effects in five years (from April 18, 2012 to April 17, 2014).

Theo en.baomoi.com

Op-Ed Columnist

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In Search of Sustainable Swagger

By ROGER COHEN
Published: April 2, 2012
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RIO DE JANEIRO — I came to Brazil in the 1980s at a time of funny money. Inflation peaked at 6,821 percent in April 1990. Today it's a place of funny prices. An ordinary Chilean red may go for $100 and brand-name sneakers for $350. Paris and New York seem like a steal.

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The funny money was given many names — cruzeiro, cruzado, cruzado novo, cruzeiro real — in search of an elusive credibility. But Brazil had only one name: instability. Then came the introduction of the real in 1994, solid democratic institutions, monetary reform, privatizations, booming commodities, trade with China, massive oil discoveries — and pizza margarita at $45.

This boom-era Brazilian pizza makes me glum. A certain swagger is needed to bake and flog flat, round bread for that price — the very swagger gone from the West. We are living the great global inversion. The price tag screams: You're history, baby!

It can certainly seem that way. Citibank officers once viewed Brazil as a basket case: there's a story of tables turned. Brazilian capitalism has fared better than U.S. capitalism of late and a lot better than U.S. banks. Inequality, still marked, has declined here in recent years. Of all the fast-growing Brazilian commodities, confidence is the most conspicuous.

Let's deconstruct this Gucci of pizzas. After all, it sells. Behind the fabulously expensive dough, tomato and mozzarella lurks an overvalued Brazilian currency. Behind that stand interest rates high enough and a nation stable enough to attract global corporations and the world's super-rich to put their money here. Behind that investment choice lie American and European crises that have cheapened major currencies, in part through the Central Bank cash infusions known as quantitative easing.

In short, this is a bellwether pizza. There is more belief in Brazil than in the Europe of the compromised euro or the United States of a compromised financial industry. Bullish Brazil, with its offshore oil and onshore Olympics coming, offers a mirror image of a brittle West. Looking for the promise of the Americas? Come here.

The global agenda in 2012 has no more important focus than finding a balance between the extremes of developing-world optimism and developed-world moroseness. The post-9/11 wars are over or ending. They were not entirely lost but nor were they won.

The recent murderous rampage of Staff Sgt. Robert Bales — a U.S. infantryman in southern Afghanistan on his fourth deployment in those wars, plagued by financial problems, in danger of losing his home — summed up the frustrations of those conflicts. Bales lost it. Many have lost everything. After the wars and the trillions of dollars they have consumed comes the hard slog of overcoming debt and deficits and high unemployment and anemic growth and shaken self-esteem.

This digging-out from a time of injury cannot be anything other than a joint effort. Developing economies like China and Brazil will have to see their surpluses come down if the debilitating deficits of the West are to be addressed.

That overvalued real, which punishes manufacturers trying to export, is no better for Brazil in the long term than a euro lurching from one salvage operation to the next is for Europe. Brazil, China and all the emergent economies are not served by a U.S. and Europe seized by doubt and plagued by youth unemployment. The world is still looking for a sustainable path out of the meltdown of 2008. Papering-over, at moral cost, has averted the worst. It has not laid credible new economic foundations.

When an outgoing Goldman Sachs executive, Greg Smith, wrote recently in The New York Times that, "It makes me ill how callously people talk about ripping their clients off," his disgust with his company mirrored a widespread disquiet over the way big American financial institutions, bailed out by the taxpayer, walked away from the 2008 crisis without any serious reckoning.

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Health Ruling Hinges on How Justices Frame the Core Issue

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WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Tuesday is hearing arguments on the central question in the constitutional challenges to President Obama ’s health care overhaul law. How it answers the question depends in large part on how the justices decide to frame the core issue.

By ADAM LIPTAK
Published: March 27, 2012
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The law’s challengers — 26 states led by Florida, the National Federation of Independent Business and several individuals — present the central question as one of individual liberty. May the federal government, they ask, compel individuals not engaged in commerce to buy a product, here health insurance , from private companies?

The Obama administration, by contrast, urges the court to answer a different question. May Congress decide, in fashioning a comprehensive response to a national crisis in the health care market, to regulate how people pay for the health care they will almost inevitably need?

However the questions are ultimately framed, the Supreme Court’s answers will be grounded in the text of two provisions of the Constitution and in the precedents interpreting them.

The Constitution grants the federal government specified powers, reserving the rest to the states and to the people. The two powers at issue in the case, set out in Article I, Section 8, concern the regulation of interstate commerce and the imposition of taxes.

The administration’s primary argument is that the law is authorized by the commerce clause, which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce "among the several states." The Supreme Court has read the clause broadly, saying it allows Congress to limit how much wheat may be grown on a family farm and to punish the cultivation of home-grown marijuana.

There have been only two modern exceptions to that broad interpretation. In 1995, the court struck down a federal law regulating guns near schools . In 2000, it struck down a federal law allowing suits over violence against women . In both cases, the court said the activity sought to be regulated was local and noncommercial.

The decision under review , from the United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, in Atlanta, said the health care law overstepped the limits imposed by the commerce clause by regulating inactivity and forcing people into the marketplace.

In his main brief , Solicitor General Donald B. Verrilli Jr. urged the justices to look at the bigger picture.

"The minimum coverage provision," he wrote, using the law’s name for what most people call the individual mandate, "is within Congress’s power to enact not only because it is a necessary component of a broader scheme of interstate regulation, but also because, within that scheme, the provision itself regulates economic conduct with a substantial effect on interstate commerce, namely the way in which individuals finance their participation in the health care market."

Uninsured Americans each year use $43 billion of health care they cannot pay for, effectively transferring those costs to other American families to the tune of about $1,000 per year, Mr. Verrilli said.

In response , Paul D. Clement, representing 26 states challenging the law, said this conception of federal power amounts to "a revolution in the relationship between the central government and the governed."

"If this is to remain a system of limited and enumerated federal powers that respects individual liberty, accountability and the residual dignity and sovereignty of the states, the individual mandate cannot stand."

The federal government also argued that the mandate is separately authorized by Congress’s power to levy taxes. The penalty that people who fail to obtain insurance must pay is calculated as a percentage of their income and is paid to the Internal Revenue Service along with income and other taxes each April.

Mr. Clement responded that the challenge is to the mandate, which applies to almost all Americans, rather than the penalty, which applies to a subset of them. In any event, he said, a penalty is not a tax.

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Southeast Asia starts to plan for climate change

vietnam tourism | harvard summer school 2011 |

A forum on fighting climate change was held in Thailand recently. Viet Nam News spoke to Robert Mather, head of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Southeast Asia Group, about the project.

Can you tell us about the project?

The project started last year and will last until December 2014. Supported by funding from the European Union, it seeks to strengthen the capacity of local governments and people to plan for and adapt to future climate risks in Cambodia's Kampot and Koh Kong Provinces, Thailand's Chanthaburi and Trat, and HCM City, Ben Tre, Soc Trang, and Kien Giang in Viet Nam.

This will enable local government agencies to conduct vulnerability assessments, identify pilot activities to reduce the vulnerability, design, implement, and monitor the success of these activities, and carry out cost-benefit analysis and feasibility assessment for replicating pilot actions over a wider area.

It will identify best practices developed by local people and provide opportunities for communities on different parts of the coast to learn from each other.

In Viet Nam, the IUCN has two partners – the Viet Nam Administration of Sea and Island and German Society for International Co-operation (GIZ) – with their own projects and collaborative ones in various Cuu Long (Mekong) Delta provinces.

What we have in the project that will be important is sharing and learning between the different countries and different provinces or sites working in each country.

Climate change is now becoming a familiar word. How can we cope with it?

Climate change is real. It has already happened and is happening now. We don't know how long it will happen and how quickly. We do know it has already happened and is getting worse.

The impact of climate change will be totally different for different people, depending on who you are, where you live, what you do, and how you feel about climate change.

If you look at one community, one place, depending upon whether you are a man or woman, old or young, fishermen or farmer, it will be different for you.

Climate change is a new issue that as garnered a lot of attention. Climate change adaptation is something that I think a lot of people are trying to find how we should do, what we should actually do, what climate change adaptation really needs.

That is why we need to find out local places for a project to share and learn from each other. And also carry out exchanges between local communities, local governments, technical experts and also higher level of national government.

It is important to learn, to exchange both vertically and horizontally.

So climate change adaptation is still a question without an answer?

Here is an obvious message: There no single solution for climate change. There are many solutions because we need solutions for every community and for different groups of people.

I try to think of a number. There may be 20 million communities around the world. Let us say we need at least 10-20 different climate change adaptation solutions for each community. So in the world we need 200 – 400 million solutions for climate change. And our project can only help deliver 20 to 40.

What we really want to focus on is how nature can offer us solutions. We want to focus on nature-based solutions because we really need nature.

Whether we reforest the watershed or replant the mangrove forest, all natural solutions to climate change will be important. Natural solutions will not be the only solutions, we are still seeking some hard-infrastructure options but when we think about the benefits of natural solutions, they are available to everybody and cheap.

If you build a wall to stop the sea level from rising, it will cost a lot of money. If you have mangroves to stop the sea level from rising, it is cheaper and you can get a lot of other benefits too.

But none of this is going to work unless local communities, local people really have secure access to natural resources and local environment so that they can manage climate change adaptation.

Is there anything else on the forum agenda?

Writing about climate change, how to figure out what is climate change is difficult for journalists too. If even people implementing the projects are still not sure about the right solutions, how can we expect journalists to understand the right solutions? And if journalists carry stories on newspapers or TV, how many people reading, listening, or watching can understand?

So a strong focus on the media with regard to climate change is very important and we also want to know how the media understands climate change and tells the public about the issue.

We hope this is the first step in starting close long-term collaboration between international organisations and the media to figure out the right thing and take it to everyone in these countries. — VNS

Theo en.baomoi.com

David Hallberg Joins The Bolshoi Ballet as a Premier Dancer

cong nghe | harvard summer school 2011 |

An American ballet star has joined the Bolshoi Ballet as what"s called a premier dancer. David Hallberg is the first American to achieve such a distinction.



They call him the Prince, that's the Prince of Ballet.   He is 29 year-old David Hallberg of Rapid City, South Dakota.

American ballet dancers David Hallberg, right, and Tiler Peck
AP/Evan Agostini
American ballet dancers David Hallberg, right, and Tiler Peck perform at the 2010 World Science Festival opening night gala performance at Alice Tully Hall on Wednesday, June 2, 2010 in New York.

This young dancer, who hails far from the cultural centers of the U.S.,  is now the first American to enlist permanently with the world-renowned Bolshoi Ballet of Moscow.  It has special meaning for him.  "For me the responsibility is large," he said. "The pressure is, of course, quite large.  So is the responsibility to represent a new generation, a new era in ballet."

Hallberg will have a starring role with the Bolshoi.  Over the last 10 years he has made tremendous strides.  In 1999, he trained at the Paris Opera Ballet School and in 2000 he joined American Ballet Theater in New York.

He's now a principal dancer with ABT and will continue to dance with Ballet Theater from time to time.

Kevin McKenzie is artistic director of ABT. He says he never doubted Hallberg's potential.  "We knew right away that we had a talented boy on our hands," he said.

"It was just evident when it was time to open the gates and let him go and he took off like a meteor."

The move comes 50 years after Rudolf Nureyev's historic defection from the Soviet Union.  That turned the world of dance upside town.

Then, in 1974, the great Mikhail Baryshnikov defected.

Now, the journey is in reverse.

Hallberg believes the collaboration will be positive. "I will be like a sponge trying to absorb everything around me and trying to see all the other dancers, the ballets and the repertoire.  And on the other hand, I feel the dancers can be influenced by the way I dance as well," he said.

Kevin McKenzie, of ABT, is proud. "Until this very moment in time it was always American companies or American audiences looking for validation -- to have a guest Russian dancer with them.  And now the shoe is on the other foot," he said.

Hallberg will debut in "Giselle" at the Bolshoi in early November.

Theo www.voanews.com

Dior Turns to Raf Simons

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The Belgian designer Raf Simons was named late on Monday as the next artistic director of Christian Dior — a post that had been empty for more than a year since the dramatic departure of John Galliano in March 2011.

Giuseppe Cacace/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The Belgian designer Raf Simons acknowledged the audience at the end of Jil Sander Spring-Summer 2012 ready-to-wear collection last September in Milan.

By SUZY MENKES
Published: April 9, 2012
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"I feel fantastic," Mr. Simons said by telephone from his studio in Antwerp. "It is one of the ultimate challenges, and a dream to go to a place like Dior, which stands for absolute elegance, incredible femininity and utter luxury."

Mr. Simons, 44, began his career in men's wear in 1995 and went on to revitalize men's and women's lines at Jil Sander 10 years later.

Now he has been chosen by Bernard Arnault, chairman and chief executive of LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton to modernize Dior, the most classic of Parisian couture houses. In a statement, LVMH said that "Raf Simons' journey with the house of Dior will propel its iconic style into the 21st century."

Mr. Simons will be in charge of haute couture, women's ready-to-wear and accessories, starting with the couture show in July, while keeping his eponymous men's line.

Mr. Arnault and Sidney Toledano, Dior's chief executive, began searching for a new designer after Mr. Galliano was removed from the post because he had made anti-Semitic slurs in a bar in Paris.

Several designers said they had turned down the house, apparently seeing a post-Galliano role as a poisoned chalice.

The front runner, the American-born Marc Jacobs, design director of Louis Vuitton, decided to stay where he was. In the meantime, design direction at Dior was in the hands of Bill Gaytten, Mr. Galliano's former assistant. LVMH's financial figures for 2011 show that Dior's results were not affected.

Mr. Simons's name had been bandied about with other supposed contestants in recent months, particularly after his on-off courtship by the house of Yves Saint Laurent ended. The Dior appointment is being made as the designer Hedi Slimane, once a men's wear rival of Mr. Simons's, takes on the top job at Saint Laurent, the fashion house owned by PPR, a major LVMH rival.

The Christian Dior heritage began with the romantic Mr. Dior himself, a man who brought femininity to the postwar 1950s, building the tiny waists and sweeping skirts of his voluptuous "flower women" on his obsession with the Edwardian elegance of his early memories of his mother. He died suddenly in 1957 after only 10 years at the helm, to be followed by a young unknown, Yves Saint Laurent.

Mr. Simons's style could not be more different from that of the founder: He has a modernist vision and a spare, linear style based on fine tailoring. "My aim is a very modern Dior, but at the end of the day, I also look back," he said, referring to what he calls "mid-century modernism."

"I find that period between 1947 and 1957 extremely attractive, and there was a lot of modernity," Mr. Simons said of Christian Dior's designs. "There was the romantic appeal looking back to his mother and the belle époque, but there was also a constant evolution in shape, changing proportions and the ideas connected to the World War were revolutionary."

Mr. Simons comes from the Flemish town of Neerpelt, the only son of a modest family. His mother worked as a house cleaner and his father was on military night watch. Some of that uniform severity may have been worked into the spare lines of early men's collections, where the obsessive focus was the angst and tension of youth culture and the beat of the Belgian music movement.

"But my father was not a strict man, it was a warm nest," Mr. Simons said, adding that his interest in fashion was more about escaping from a Catholic background and a rigorous college full of students aspiring to become lawyers or doctors.

While Christian Dior embraced flower gardens and the decorative stage sets of his artist friend Christian Bérard, Mr. Simons trained as an industrial designer in Genk before trying men's fashion. His world was defined by one of his earliest shows for autumn winter 1996-97. In "We Only Come Out at Night," youths with skinny bodies, sculpted faces and sensual lips dragged on cigarettes and reveled in their adult-free world.

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This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:

Correction: April 9, 2012

An earlier version of this article misstated the town where Raf Simons trained as an industrial designer. The town is not Ghent, it is Genk.

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US Urges China to Convince N. Korea to Scrap Missile Launch

may say toc | medical school interview questions |

The Obama administration is urging China to help convince North Korea to abandon its planned ballistic missile launch. There are new concerns that North Korea may also be planning another nuclear test.
South Korean Army soldiers watch a TV news program which shows North Korea's Unha-3 rocket at Seoul train station in Seoul, South Korea, April 9, 2012
Photo: AP
South Korean Army soldiers watch a TV news program which shows North Korea's Unha-3 rocket at Seoul train station in Seoul, South Korea, April 9, 2012



State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said the United States continues to urge all countries that may have influence on North Korea - most notably China - to use that influence to make clear that they also disapprove of the planned missile launch and believe it will further isolate Pyongyang.

As for Washington's message about the launch, Nuland said it is simple: Don't do it.

"North Korea's launch of a missile would be highly provocative. It would pose a threat to regional security," said Nuland. "And it will be inconsistent with its recent undertakings to refrain from any kind of long-range missile launches."

The most recent of those undertakings was a February agreement with the United States to resume nuclear inspections in exchange for food aid. That deal was broken by Pyongyang's announcement that it will launch a weather satellite in the next few days aboard an Unha-3 rocket.

South Korean intelligence photos, obtained by VOA, also show what appear to be preparations for a third North Korean nuclear test.

While she would not confirm that intelligence information, Nuland said another nuclear test "would be equally bad if not worse" than the missile launch.

North Korea says launching a weather satellite is a purely civilian operation. But Nuland says U.S. negotiators made clear that any ballistic missile use would be a deal breaker.

"They can't launch the thing without using ballistic missile technology, which is precluded by U.N. Security Council resolution 1874. So regardless of what they say about it, it's still a violation," Nuland said.

U.S. officials hoped for more from this first deal negotiated with North Korea's new president, Kim Jong Un, who took power following his father's death in December.

Victor Cha is the Korea Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. While North Korea's new president is thought to be assisted by top generals and an uncle, Cha says it would be a mistake to conclude that this decision came from anyone but the president himself.

"The political culture of this place is such that any decision of national significance has always been taken by one person, and that is the direct descendant of the Kim Il Sung line," said Cha. "And so I think while he [may] have people around him who are helping him, in the end decisions are being made by this 28-year-old."

Cha says the decision to break the February deal must be seen in light of North Korea's long pursuit of nuclear weapons.

"Even though this may look like puzzling behavior, we have to think of it as part of a systematic program really that is decades-old to try to get to the point where they can deliver nuclear-tipped missiles anywhere in the world and basically try to achieve, in their own minds, the ultimate security umbrella," Cha added.

With North Korea's determination to press ahead with its nuclear program, Cha says the resumption of six-party talks to resolve the dispute appears a long way off. "I don't think we are going to see any sort of return to the negotiations any time soon," Cha said. "If anything, I think the situation could get worse from here."

Talks between North Korea, the United States, China, Russia, South Korea and Japan broke down in 2009, when Pyongyang expelled international inspectors before conducting its second nuclear test.

Stemming North Korea's nuclear ambitions will be part of talks in Washington Wednesday and Thursday, when U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton hosts foreign ministers from the Group of Eight leading industrialized nations.

Theo www.voanews.com

Judge Tells Bloomberg to Release 911 Report

may tinh xach tay | medical school interview questions |

A state judge ordered Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg on Monday to release what is said to be a sharply critical report on New York's costly, much-delayed emergency dispatch system, but gave the city a week to appeal.

By DAVID M. HALBFINGER
Published: April 9, 2012
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The judge, Justice Arthur F. Engoron of State Supreme Court in Manhattan, said the city's rationale for suppressing the review of the $2.3 billion 911 call-handling system called to mind President Richard M. Nixon's obfuscations during the Watergate scandal. "Nixon kept claiming executive privilege," the judge said. "The public and the courts didn't buy it."

"Executive privilege is not a phrase that the city is invoking here," the judge added. "But I think we are talking about much the same thing."

City lawyers argued that the review was an unfinished draft , and that to release it prematurely could deter officials from freely expressing their opinions.

But Justice Engoron, citing a belief in openness and transparency, said the report and all its drafts, which were paid for with public money, belonged to New Yorkers.

Mr. Bloomberg said he was studying his options, but warned that the ruling would set a dangerous precedent if upheld.

"I don't know how any government would be able to function if you had to put out every single paper, even at the beginning of a study," he said at a midday news conference, adding: "You'd come to a screeching halt. You just can't do this."

The mayor drew a comparison to journalists' having to publish their notes. "I don't know how your paper could survive if they had to publish the first copy of your story," he told a reporter.

"No company could survive," he added. "No government could survive. And that's exactly what, if this ruling — if the courts say you have to publish this, you'd have to publish everything."

The 911 system is already years behind schedule and more than $1 billion over budget. Critics have accused the administration of trying to suppress a report that could deliver another blow to the mayor's already tarnished image as a steward of large-scale technology projects, after a scandal with the CityTime payroll system and delays and overruns in a system handling personnel records.

The Manhattan borough president, Scott M. Stringer, said the mayor should give up the fight to suppress the 911 review. "When is a draft a report? When a Supreme Court judge says so," he said in a statement. "New Yorkers deserve to read this report as well, because lives literally hang in the balance."

The outside review of the 911 system, formally called the Emergency Communications Transformation Project, was performed by Winbourne Consulting , based in Washington, a longtime subcontractor on the project.

Two unions representing city firefighters learned of the existence of the consultant's report several months ago and subpoenaed it in a long-running legal battle over the new 911 system, which they say has only worsened emergency response times.

At the hearing, Justice Engoron, a nine-year veteran of the bench whose term ends this year, said that by the administration's logic it could merely stamp a damaging report with the word "draft" and keep it out of public view indefinitely.

"Anything can be labeled a draft," he said. "In 10 years we can have an even more final or subsequent draft, but meanwhile fires are happening and firefighters are responding."

He also said that an analysis by an outside party had intrinsic value, even if it were revised before being issued in its final form.

"This isn't some man or woman sitting at a desk giving his private thoughts," Justice Engoron said. "I totally buy the firefighters' argument here: public safety is at stake."

Kate Taylor contributed reporting.

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Japan helps Vietnam develop e-customs

DuLichDoSon.net | international summer school |

(VOV) - Japan will provide US$6.58 million to support modern technology application for Vietnam's customs sector.

Japan assists Vietnam in building e-customs services

A project to this effect was signed in Hanoi on April 9 between the Vietnamese General Department of Customs and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

The project aims to amend the current legal frameworks, create a viable strategy for information and technology, and human resources development, as well as to deploy the Vietnam Automated Cargo and Port Consolidated System (VNACPCS) and the Vietnam Customs Information System (VCIS).

Nguyen Ngoc Tuc, Head of Vietnam's customs, says the project will greatly improve efficiency and contribute to reforming and modernizing the customs sector following the guidelines of the Government and the Ministry of Finance.

Theo en.baomoi.com

Corrections April 13

thiet bi mang tot | international summer school |

An article on Monday about Israel's decision to bar Günter Grass, one of German's best-known writers, from entering the country because of his recent poem that assailed Israel for its threats to attack Iran over its nuclear program described imprecisely Poland's relationship to Nazism. While there were Nazi sympathizers in Poland, especially among ethnic Germans, the Polish people as a whole did not support Nazi ideology nor did Nazism "rise" there. It was imposed by a victorious German army.

Published: April 12, 2012
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INTERNATIONAL

An article on Thursday about a naval standoff between the Philippines and China in the South China Sea described incorrectly the location of the Philippine island of Luzon and Scarborough Shoal, which is claimed by both countries and is near where Philippine surveillance aircraft spotted eight Chinese fishing boats on Sunday, leading to the standoff. The shoal is 124 nautical miles west of Luzon, not east.

ARTS

The Books of The Times review on Thursday , about "Escape From Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey From North Korea to Freedom in the West," by Blaine Harden, misidentified the prisoner who tried to kill himself by jumping down a coal mine shaft. It was Kim Yong, a former North Korean Army officer — not Shin Dong-hyuk, the subject of the book.

A music review on Tuesday about a recital by the pianist Maxim Anikushin, at Carnegie Hall, misidentified a work by Samuel Barber that was one of the encores. It is "Let's Sit It Out; I'd Rather Watch: A Walls," not the "Waltz" from "Souvenirs."

An article on Thursday about the band Kraftwerk's concerts at the Museum of Modern Art misidentified the album they are scheduled to perform tonight. It is "Trans Europe Express," not "The Man-Machine." (A performance of that album is scheduled for Saturday night.)

OP-ED

An earlier version of this editorial misstated attendance in the Florida Marlins' new stadium. There had been only one game there, which was nearly sold out. Attendance had not been as low as in the old stadium.

 

 

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Documentary Examines the Ordeal of Bullied Children

HoiGia.vn | school of medicine |

The documentary Bully is a bleak movie that focuses on the ordeal of bullied kids in America.  Originally, the film received an R rating from the Motion Picture Association which meant that millions of kids 17 and under would not have been able to watch it. And that sparked a controversy. Now, the MPAA has changed its mind. VOA's Penelope Poulou talked with the filmmaker and with a bullied teen who drafted a petition against the MPAA.

"All it takes is for one person to stand up. Make a Difference. Go out and find that one child, that new kid standing over there by himself." - from the documentary "Bully"

Tyler Long was  a happy little boy. But at 17, he committed suicide because he was bullied at school, says his father David Long. "We had heard that he had his head shoved into a wall locker. So kids had told him to go hang himself. That he is worthless. And I think he got to the point where enough was enough," he said.

Tyler's story is one of five family accounts director Lee Hirsch presents in Bully, a harrowing documentary about bullying in schools.

Watch the Movie Trailer

"It happens in urban schools, it happens in rural schools. I don't believe that the problems the families in this film experience are unique to small town America," he said.

From the Long family in Georgia, the film takes us to Alex Libby and his family in Iowa. For years, Alex endured abuse at the hands of his schoolmates. "They'd punch me, strangle me, sit on me," he said.

The film follows Alex's mom as she confronts the school principal who seems to be in denial.

But Lee Hirsch managed to capture the abuse on camera. "We weren't a big production, there's no lights, there was no sound person, there was just me with a tiny Canon, what looked like a consumer camera. So, I think that they acted as they normally did, and that was, to feel that it was okay to pick on Alex," he said.

Bully is an emotional rollercoaster that takes us next to Oklahoma and to Kelby, a lesbian.  "When I opened my locker there was a note that said '[gay people] are not welcomed here.' Then the teacher was calling roll and said boys, and then he said girls, and then paused and said Kelby," she said.

The film's power lies in the heartbreaking testimony of these socially isolated kids and their parents. Some of them have lost their kids forever. The movie aims at educating and mobilizing people against bullying.

The Motion Picture Association refused to give Bully a PG 13 rating so teens could watch it. The reason was explicit language used by bullies against their victims and captured on film.

About half a million people opposed the ruling by signing an online petition drafted by Katy Butler.  Butler, a bullied teen from Michigan, wrote the petition after watching the film.  "I want to make sure that every school in the United States and hopefully beyond that knows how important this movie is and ends up showing it in schools so the kids can actually see it," she said.

Her efforts paid off. At the last minute, the MPAA granted the film a PG 13 rating. Bully is expected to be a box office hit when it opens nationwide on April 13.

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New Submarine Cables Set to Revolutionize West African Internet

tai nghe nao tot | international summer school |

Slow downloads and faulty Internet connections could soon become distant memories in West Africa. Two underwater fiber-optic cables stretching from Europe down the western coast of Africa are set to go online in mid-2012. The cables will bring faster, and likely cheaper, broadband Internet to nearly every country in the region.



Patricia Oben runs an international trade and consultancy firm in Douala, Cameroon. She pays nearly $100 each month for the best Internet connection available, which she describes as one step up from "snail speed."

"I try to send sometimes 60 pages. That might take you anything up to 18, 20 hours, which means that sometimes at night you set it up and you keep your fingers crossed that sometime in the middle of the night it will not just stop working. Sometimes it takes more time to use the Internet than to use DHL. I sent a CD to India. The CD got there before we could finish uploading. Three days. It's incredibly frustrating. A lot of time wasting and money wasting," she said.

Oben says her firm has lost sales because she could not access catalogues or information in time.

But that could all change in just a few months as two extensive submarine fiber-optic cables are to set to bring faster and more reliable broadband Internet to Cameroon and 18 other countries along the Atlantic coast of Africa.

Seven of those countries, including Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, will get broadband access for the first time after years of relying on slower and more expensive satellite links.

Paul Brodsky is a senior analyst at the Washington-based market research firm, Telegeography. Broadband Internet, he says, is actually a vast global "plumbing" of fiber-optic cables. "It is quite literally strands of glass that are no thicker than a human hair through which pulses of light, laser light, get shot through. These very high frequencies of laser light carry the information, the data, between computers in West Africa and Europe, North America and the rest of the world," he said.

The strands of glass are twisted in pairs, encased in protective layers of steel and rubber and then run along the ocean floor from global network hubs in Europe.

Eight West African countries, including Cameroon, are already connected via the older and slower SAT-3 cable and the Nigeria-based MainOne cable, which came online in mid-2010.

Brodsky says the two new cables will each have potential capacities of 5.12 terabits a second - more than the region may likely ever need. "Those benefits should translate to lower pricing for consumers and businesses who need access to the Internet, as well as improved bandwidth," he said.

However, he said telecom monopolies in some countries could keep consumer prices high, at least in the short term, though overlaps in coverage could also foster competition.

National governments and private telecoms, like MTN and France Telecom, are footing the more than $600-million bills for each cable.

The Africa Coast to Europe, or ACE, cable will stretch 17,000 kilometers and land in 20 countries on its way from France to South Africa. The West Africa Cable system, or WACS, will measure 14,000 kilometers and hit 13 countries between London and South Africa.

Hundreds of millions of dollars of terrestrial cables must also be built to connect rural areas and landlocked countries, like Mali and Niger, to the submarine network.

The economic impact could be huge. The World Bank says every 10-percent increase in broadband connection boosts economic growth by 1.38 percent. The WACS cable alone is expected to increase connectivity by more than 20 percent.

Eastern and Southern Africa are a few years ahead of West Africa. A second underwater cable, SEACOM, went online on that side of the continent in July 2009.

Harvard University professor and telecommunications expert, Calestous Juma, says he has already seen the results in his native Kenya. "We are starting to see the emergence of small enterprises that rely on high-speed Internet or broadband access. For example, small start-up companies in Kenya that are working on animation for Hollywood. Animators can get contracts from Hollywood, do the work in Kenya and ship the product back to Hollywood," he said.

High speed Internet, he says, creates jobs, increases productivity and levels the playing field between businesses in developed countries and those in emerging economies.

"Think of it as the equivalent of roads. When you build a road somewhere, you open up not just new possibilities, but it is a signal of hope to the people that there is actually a future. For the first time, they can think about being able to reach the rest of the world," he said.

Analysts also expect better broadband connectivity to boost the already booming market for wireless 3G devices in Africa.

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Rigging That Killed 7 at Indiana Fair Was Below Code, Studies Say

may quay 3d | international summer school |

INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — The stage rigging that collapsed and killed seven people at the Indiana State Fair last summer did not meet industry safety standards, and the accident was made worse by the absence of a fully developed emergency plan, investigators concluded in two reports released Thursday.

Steve C. Mitchell/European Pressphoto Agency

The disaster at the Indiana State Fair in August killed seven people and injured dozens just before a band was to perform.

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published: April 12, 2012
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During a 90-minute presentation to the Indiana State Fair Commission, officials from Thornton Tomasetti, an engineering company, and Witt Associates, emergency planning advisers, detailed the results of their separate investigations into the Aug. 13 collapse, which also injured dozens of people just before the country duo Sugarland was to perform.

Scott Nacheman, a vice president at Thornton Tomasetti, told the commission that the metal rigging structure used to support speakers and lighting did not meet industry safety standards, which would require it to be able to withstand wind gusts of 68 miles per hour.

Gusts reached an estimated 59 m.p.h. when the rigging collapsed, he said.

"Once gravity had taken over, there was essentially no way the structure could support itself," Mr. Nacheman said.

Charlie Fisher, a vice president for Witt Associates, told the commission that "an ambiguity of authority" resulted in confusion and uncertainty over who was in charge of public safety as officials discussed whether to postpone the concert just before strong winds blew stage rigging onto waiting fans.

Kenneth Mallette, vice president of preparedness services at Witt Associates, said a fair representative had asked Sugarland's tour manager to delay the start of the show, but the band resisted, its tour manager saying: "It's only rain. We can play."

The fair commission voted to begin acting on both reports' recommendations and to hire a chief operations officer to oversee public safety at the fairgrounds, which are about five miles north of downtown Indianapolis.

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N.R.A.s Influence Seen in Expansion of Self-Defense Laws

may massage | harvard summer school 2011 |

No one had yet heard of a Florida teenager named Trayvon Martin when a group of Wisconsin Republicans got together last year to discuss expanding a self-defense bill before the State Legislature.

By ERICA GOODE
Published: April 12, 2012
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Narayan Mahon for The New York Times

Jeff Nass is the president of WI-Force, a gun rights group in Wisconsin that works with the National Rifle Association.

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State Senator Jon Erpenbach, a Wisconsin Democrat, said, "The N.R.A. did very well for themselves in Wisconsin."

The bill, known as the Castle Doctrine, made it harder to prosecute or sue people who used deadly force against intruders inside their houses. But the Wisconsin legislators, urged on by the National Rifle Association in a series of meetings, wanted it to go further. They shaped an amendment that extended the bill's protections to include lawns, sidewalks and swimming pools outside the residences, as well as vehicles and places of business.

That expanded bill, passed with little debate by the Legislature and signed in December by Gov. Scott Walker, a Republican, is the newest of more than two dozen so-called Stand Your Ground statutes that have been enacted around the country in recent years. Those laws are now coming under increased scrutiny after Mr. Martin was shot to death by George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch coordinator, in late February. Similar legislation is pending in several other states, including Alaska, Massachusetts and New York.

Though the laws vary in their specifics and scope, they expand beyond the home the places where a person does not have a duty to retreat when threatened, and they increase protection from criminal prosecution and civil liability. All contain elements of the 2005 Florida statute that made it difficult to immediately arrest Mr. Zimmerman, who has said he shot Mr. Martin, who was unarmed, in self-defense.

Critics see the laws as part of a national campaign by the National Rifle Association, which began gathering on Thursday in St. Louis for its annual meeting, to push back against limits on gun ownership and use. That effort, they say, has been assisted by conservative legislators in states like Wisconsin, and by the American Legislative Exchange Council , which has promoted model legislation based on Florida's law; the council, known as ALEC, is a conservative networking organization made up of legislators, corporations like Walmart, a large retailer of long guns, and interest groups like the rifle association.

The success of the campaign is reflected in the rapid spread of expanded self-defense laws as well as laws that legalize the carrying of concealed weapons. Only one state, Illinois, and the District of Columbia now ban that practice, compared with 19 states in 1981. Bills pending in several states that would allow concealed weapons to be carried on college campuses, in churches, in bars or at other sites would further weaken restrictions, as would either of two federal bills, now in the Senate, that would require that a permit for carrying a concealed weapon that was granted by any state be honored in all other states.

"Both directly and with cutouts like ALEC, the N.R.A. is slowly and surely and methodically working at the state level to expand the number and kind and category of places where people can carry concealed, loaded weapons and use them with deadly force," said Mark Glaze, director of Mayors Against Illegal Guns , a bipartisan coalition of more than 650 mayors that has not taken a position on the Stand Your Ground laws.

Repeated requests to speak with N.R.A. officials about Wisconsin's law or Stand Your Ground laws more generally met with no response.

In Wisconsin, as in other states, the passage of an expanded self-defense law was helped by the 2010 elections, which vaulted conservative Republicans into office. In Pennsylvania, for example, a Stand Your Ground law passed the Legislature in 2010 but was vetoed by Gov. Ed Rendell, a Democrat. Introduced again last year, the bill was signed by his Republican successor, Tom Corbett.

In Wisconsin, a narrower version of the legislation had languished and died in previous sessions. But with a Republican governor and Republicans dominating both houses of the Legislature, several state lawmakers said that the success of the bill and the expansion amendment promoted by the N.R.A. seemed assured.

"I think it's only normal they assumed this could be their year," said Representative Dean Kaufert, a Republican who introduced the legislation, speaking of the rifle association.

Darren LaSorte, a lobbyist for the rifle association, wanted the legislation, like Florida's law, to extend protection to any place where a person had a legal right to be, said several Republican lawmakers who met with Mr. LaSorte. But having been successful in getting an earlier bill passed to allow the carrying of concealed weapons, Mr. LaSorte accepted a compromise.

"It was almost a 'we'll take what we can get' kind of mode," Mr. Kaufert said. In its final form, the law contained language that closely tracked some parts of the Florida bill.

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The Appraisal

noi com dien | harvard summer school 2011 |

Once a Rapper, a Ballerina or a Model, Now in Real Estate Sales

Marcus Yam for The New York Times

Haviland Morris, a real estate broker, is remembered for her role in "Sixteen Candles."

By ELIZABETH A. HARRIS
Published: April 9, 2012
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The music video for Notorious B.I.G.'s song "Big Poppa" has dancing and gambling, a thumping rhythm and a young Sean "P. Diddy" Combs sitting in a hot tub surrounded by scantily clad women.

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Jackie Dunphy, a successful hand model, is now a broker with Corcoran.

But if you watch carefully, you can catch a glimpse of another young man, one who darts on and off the screen wearing big, gold-accented sunglasses, taking swigs from a bottle of Champagne. He was a member of B.I.G.'s rap group, Junior M.A.F.I.A., and he went by the name Klept, or Kleptomaniac.

Fast-forward 15 years. Where do you think Kleptomaniac might be now?

"Real estate," he said. "Mostly sales."

Klept, who now uses his legal name, Terrence Harding, is a vice president at the Corcoran Group and sells apartments in Manhattan and Brooklyn.

Selling real estate has long been a second or third career choice for most agents, a place to turn when the children grew up or Plan A didn't quite work out. And while in much of the country moonlighting homemakers and former lawyers dominate the field, New York City is a different story. Here, the arts are a magnet and the dreamers run thick, so the first career of your real estate broker might just be a doozy.

There are acrobats and opera singers, ballerinas and models, jazz dancers, a gay-porn star and many, many actors. There is also Laurie Lewis, a classically trained pianist and flutist, a composer and a Corcoran broker, who was for a time the voice of Baxter the cat in commercials for Meow Mix .

Meow, meow, meow, meow. Meow, meow, meow, meow.

"People come to New York from far-off lands and states with a dream," said Leonard Steinberg, a managing director at Prudential Douglas Elliman and a former fashion designer. "Oftentimes, those dreams don't pan out as well as you'd like them to, and then you start looking at alternative careers."

In addition to working in real estate, however, Ms. Lewis still composes. And there are plenty of other agents who have embraced their new profession without giving up their old careers entirely.

Take Jackie Dunphy. You have seen her before, but don't scour your memory for her name, or even for her face, because for 30 years, Ms. Dunphy — also known as Jackie Rivers — has been working as a hand model.

In addition to cradling pieces of Kentucky Fried Chicken and manipulating tubes of lipstick, her uniform fingers and deep nail beds have stood in for the hands of Sharon Stone, Christie Brinkley, Cindy Crawford and many others in movies and in advertisements, she said.

But it gets better.

"My claim to fame was poking the Pillsbury Doughboy ," Ms. Dunphy said.

A careful hand model can have a long career. So Ms. Dunphy lived much of her life wearing gloves (she estimates she has more than 50 pairs), learned to do a lot with her elbows and stayed away from anything that might dimple her fingers with calluses. Still, when she reached her 50s, the regular flow of work began to sputter.

"The older you get in this kind of business, the less they need you," Ms. Dunphy said calmly. So about five years ago, she got her real estate license, and today, she works as a saleswoman at Corcoran in East Hampton, on Long Island. But she still models about twice a month.

"I like to keep my hand in," she said.

Then there is Fredrik Eklund , a top broker and managing director at Prudential Douglas Elliman. Once a gay-porn star, who also had some success as the founder of a tech company and a music label, Mr. Eklund now performs with his clothes on, on the Bravo reality show "Million Dollar Listing."

Plenty of agents have left their old worlds behind entirely.

"In my past life, I was the marketing director for my father's company, the Hair Club for Men," Shari Sperling, a broker at Halstead Property, wrote in an e-mail. "My father is Sy Sperling, the guy from the late-night commercials who used to say, 'I'm not only the Hair Club president, but I'm also a client,' as he held up his photo 'before' (bald) and 'after' (with hair)."

For several years in the 1990s, Ms. Sperling's job was to cast and direct the commercials and infomercials for the Hair Club for Men , which sold an elaborate system of extensions made of surgical adhesive and human hair.

Ms. Sperling found men to give testimonials and asked them questions to prompt them from behind the camera. When they spun their heads to show the hair from different angles, she made sure they didn't go too fast or too slow. ("O.K., go, go, go!" she recounted steadily.) It was her innovation to have them run their fingers vigorously through their hair for the camera, she said.

Then, in 2000, her father sold the company and it was time for her to move on.

"How do you get a job after that?" Ms. Sperling said in an interview. "It was so specific. And I didn't exactly want to go into hair transplants next."

She switched to real estate.

Pamela Liebman, the president of Corcoran, said that after years of media saturation and Goliath sale prices, real estate was increasingly becoming a first career choice for young New Yorkers, but that those people were still outnumbered by those who had first tried something else.

Often, she continued, the talents that draw people to careers like acting and modeling — two of the biggest real estate feeder professions — are readily transferable to being an effective agent.

"I hate to say you're acting, but sometimes real estate is a bit of a show," Ms. Liebman said. "When you're a broker, you're on stage, and you've got to make people like you."

Haviland Morris, now a saleswoman at Halstead Property, is one of many New York City actors to make the switch.

Ms. Morris made a living as an actress for 25 years, and you might remember hating her character, Caroline Mulford, the girlfriend of the character Molly Ringwald had a crush on , in the movie "Sixteen Candles." Or you might recognize her as someone who several times was falsely accused on "Law & Order." But when she got into her 40s, the phone calls slowed, Ms. Morris said, so she started selling real estate, work that was flexible enough that she wouldn't have to give up acting altogether.

"If I did real estate, I wouldn't have to say, 'I'll never do another movie again,' " Ms. Morris said. "I just couldn't do that." Besides, she added with a little thrill in her voice, "this is way more dramatic than acting."

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